Showing posts with label Integrated Pest Management. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Integrated Pest Management. Show all posts

Monday, September 26, 2011

How do you like them apples?




Phillip K. Dick, the science-fiction writer, said, “Reality is that which, when you stop believing in it, doesn't go away.”  We perceive the world the way our senses and sensibilities perceive it, seeing what we understand and editing out what we don’t.  Learning to garden and forage, I can walk down an urban street and see not only houses, trees, and trash along the street, but chicken of the woods and chicory, wild carrot and endive, Concord grapes, acorns, and occasionally a rabbit.  Would I want to eat a mushroom growing so close to the street, or grapes off the vine climbing the tree that hangs over the stream posted with pollution warnings?  No.  But my eyes have adjusted to a new reality, where this is food, this is a food chain…  I’m still a novice to mushroom hunting, and even mycologists themselves will frequently report they don’t know why mushrooms appear here and not there, now and not then, to paraphrase Michael Pollan’s writings on the subject.  There is so much we don't understand about the interconnected web of life, but it's there regardless.  A butterfly and a tsunami are connected.  We just need the right filter, the visual adjustment, or maybe even a blind-fold so that other senses can awaken.

The industrial food process is anything but transparent, many of us buying foods with metaphorical blindfolds on.  We see the cheap price and don't connect the health and environmental issues later.  A month ago, I picked peaches on a farm because they were the first ones to have them.  It was not an industrial operation, but I felt itchy afterwards.  Perhaps I should have asked what sprays they used.  Then last weekend, the family went to Hill Orchards, which practices Integrated Pest Management.  IPM is not necessarily spray-free or organic, but is a method that uses many natural means first to control pests.  This orchard sets up traps to attract pests to see what they’re dealing with in any given season.  Beneficial insects such as ladybugs, mantids, lacewings, assassin bugs, and the like may be brought in.  Companion planting with herbs may attract these beneficials or deter pests.  Then there are sprays such as insecticidal soap or copper/sulphur to treat fungal diseases.  Rarely will growers who use IPM use wholesale insecticides.  So there we were, picking apples and peaches, grown responsibly.  When it came time to pay, both fruits were actually cheaper per pound than the first farm I picked at.  (Hillside $1.50 vs. "Other" at $2/lb.  I guess chemicals cut into their costs.)




Now how do you like them apples?  I like them in my 8 pints of apple sauce, in apple pie, in apple parsnip soup.  I like my 4 pints of peaches, chicken tangine, and Indian pudding.  But it's not just about the food.  After losing sleep trying to keep up with the canning, I took a peach, felt its fuzz peel away with my fingers, let the juice ooze over me, smelled it, inhaled it.  It was peach, and it was becoming part of me.  The pit, hard as a jewel, when broken open yielded a tiny almond-like seed.  In fact, the two are close cousins.  I smelled the seed, broke it, and chewed it slowly.  I think I may go into the garden blind-folded just to see with my nose.  

I made a pie.  Sent some over to my neighbors who cut up the tree we lost in Tropical Irene.  The logs now line our school garden.  And saved a slice for my minister, for another wonderful sermon and for just being him.  Here’s the recipe:





Vegan Option
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Basic Pie Dough
Taste of Europe
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Prep/Chill: 30 minutes  Makes two 9” double-crust pies
2 cups unbleached flour
2 cups whole wheat flour
1 3/4 cups vegetable shortening
2 tsp. sugar
1 tsp. salt
1 tsp. coriander (optional)
1 teaspoon cider vinegar
1 egg (or 1/4 cup oil for vegan recipe)
1/2 cup water
Sift together flours, sugar, salt, and coriander, if using.  With fork, cut shortening into dry mixture. In a separate bowl, whisk together vinegar, eggs or oil, and water. Combine the two mixtures, stirring with a fork until all ingredients are moistened. With floured hands, mold dough into four balls.  Chill at least fifteen minutes before rolling.  Dough can be kept wrapped in plastic in refrigerator for three days or frozen six months.

Gramma’s Apple Pie

3/4 cup sugar
1/4 cup flour
1/2 - 3/4 tsp. cinnamon and nutmeg
Dash salt
6 cups thinly sliced, pared tart
apples (Granny Smith or Cortland)
2 tbsp. butter

Heat oven to 425ºF. Prepare pastry.  Stir together sugar, flour, nutmeg,cinnamon, and salt. Mix with apples. Turn into pastry-lined pan.  Dot with butter. Put top crust on.  Seal edges and cut slits in top. Cover edges of pie crust with two to
three inches of aluminum foil. Remove in last fifteen minutes of baking
time. Bake 40-50 minutes or until crust browns and juice bubbles through slits. (Granny Smith apples may require more sugar.)

Source: Betty Crocker (?)

Wednesday, June 8, 2011

Getting Buggy With It


Hard at work...
I love watching insects.  They are so specifically designed.  The Madagascar Star Orchid, or “Darwin orchid”, has an impressive 11” "nectar spur", a long tubular extension of the flower that holds the nectar.  When Darwin studied it, he anticipated a pollinator with an equally long tongue that could reach the nectar.  It wasn’t until 40 years later that this moth was found, with a proboscis averaging 10”.  It’s likely the hawkmoth Xanthophan morgani praedicta kept evolving a longer tongue to better reach the nectar while the flower developed a deeper spur to accommodate it.  This is called "coevolution."  Fascinating.
This past weekend, my friend Christian Drake, who writes the Quantum Biologist, was in town.  We explored the woods, he identifying the various trees and me the edible plants.  We came across an unusual looking insect, something that looked like a moth but built more like a fly, with one pair of black wings with orange stripes.  Maybe a snipe fly.  I will research that later on Bug Guide.  It was on that excursion I told him 
about the ants.
Sphinx Moth caterpillar
I don’t mind ants, per se.  If they’re in the house, I squish them and set out Borax traps, but if they’re outside, I mostly leave them alone.  They let me know when I have an aphid infestation, because they harvest the honeydew off them, herding them like cattle.  (They’ll even fight off the ladybird beetles who try to eat them.)  They certainly aerate the soil.  And my daughter enjoys lifting up the rock border of our garden beds to look at them.
Earlier last week, I went out to just enjoy the garden on a warm spring night.  On top of the steps was the largest ant I’d ever seen, dancing around with a small ant with wings.  I presumed the winged ant was male, and after a quick Google search, revealed the behemoth to be a queen carpenter ant.  I squished it with a small box on the welcome mat.
A few days later, it happened.  Mid-afternoon, as thick as brownies, tiny ants were crawling back and forth in a big trail around my strawberry plants...  “They’re after me gold!” I felt like shouting.  I tried researching if this swarm was because I had killed the queen, but all I could find out was that they quite like strawberries.  It was time to get medieval.

Crane Fly?
The slugs and snails had been lured to dessicated, beer-filled ends.  The garlic chives were at the end of their flower.  Now to whip out the big guns for I.P.M. (Integrated Pest Management): I transplanted two of my new feverfew seedlings to the area, chock full of pyrethrum, a potent insecticide.  I also tore up leaves from the parent plant to release the oils and threw those all over.  Next, I shook out a heavy dose of diatomaceous earth (microscopic ocean critter skeletons) right over the ants and all access points to the strawberries.  The stuff feels like talc to us, but is like walking on broken glass.  (Don’t breathe it in or ingest it.)  By morning, they were gone.  I spread coffee grounds all around, because the smell deters them, just for good measure. 

I even stake the taller plants with the biggest berries to keep them off the ground and away from tiny feasters.  I know ants and slugs can get up there anyway, but they'll have to work harder.  Meanwhile, the long-necked seed bugs are back.  A quick shake and squish (put a plate underneath), and the strawberries are safe.  For now.   

Long-Necked Seed Bugs